بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم الدرس العاشر أهلا بكم في الدرس العاشر من سلسلة دروس تعلم 3D Xna (السلسلة الثانية)، في هذا الدرس سوف نقوم بإضافة الأهداف “Targets” إلى اللعبة. بعد إعداد المشهد و إتمام طيران الطائرة، حان الوقت لإضافة بعض الأهداف من أجل الإطلاق عليها. في هذه الحالة، سوف نقوم بإستخدام كرات بسيطة. كما فعلنا مع الطائرة، سوف نقوم بإستيراد نموذج الهدف من ملف. بإمكانك تنزيل نموذج الهدف من هذا الرابط (أو من الملفات المرفقة في الدرس الأول). وهو عبارة عن كره حمراء بسيطة، حجمها بالضبط يساوي 1. بعدها، قم بإضافة ملف ال .X إلى مجلد ال Content في المشروع، كما قمنا بذلك سابقا. بعدها، سوف نقوم بتعريف متغير في أعلى الكود يعبر عن أكبر عدد من الأهداف التي نريدها في اللعبة، إ ضافة إلى متغير لأجل تخزين نموذج الهدف في داخلة.
const int maxTargets = 50; Model targetModel; List<BoundingSphere> targetList = new List<BoundingSphere> ();
targetModel = LoadModel("target");
private void AddTargets() { int cityWidth = floorPlan.GetLength(0); int cityLength = floorPlan.GetLength(1); Random random = new Random(); while (targetList.Count < maxTargets) { int x = random.Next(cityWidth); int z = -random.Next(cityLength); float y = (float)random.Next(2000) / 1000f + 1; float radius = (float)random.Next(1000) / 1000f * 0.2f + 0.01f; BoundingSphere newTarget = new BoundingSphere(new Vector3(x,y,z), radius); if (CheckCollision(newTarget) == CollisionType.None) targetList.Add(newTarget); } }
AddTargets();
private void DrawTargets() { for (int i = 0; i < targetList.Count; i++) { Matrix worldMatrix = Matrix.CreateScale(targetList[i].Radius) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(targetList[i].Center); Matrix[] targetTransforms = new Matrix[targetModel.Bones.Count]; targetModel.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(targetTransforms); foreach (ModelMesh mesh in targetModel.Meshes) { foreach (Effect currentEffect in mesh.Effects) { currentEffect.CurrentTechnique = currentEffect.Techniques["Colored"]; currentEffect.Parameters["xWorld"].SetValue(targetTransforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index] * worldMatrix); currentEffect.Parameters["xView"].SetValue(viewMatrix); currentEffect.Parameters["xProjection"].SetValue(projectionMatrix); currentEffect.Parameters["xEnableLighting"].SetValue(true); currentEffect.Parameters["xLightDirection"].SetValue(lightDirection); currentEffect.Parameters["xAmbient"].SetValue(0.5f); } mesh.Draw(); } } }
DrawTargets();
for (int i = 0; i < targetList.Count; i++) { if (targetList[i].Contains(sphere) != ContainmentType.Disjoint) { targetList.RemoveAt(i); i--; AddTargets(); return CollisionType.Target; } }
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Audio; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.GamerServices; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Net; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Storage; namespace XNAseries2 { public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { enum CollisionType { None, Building, Boundary, Target } const int maxTargets = 50; int[] buildingHeights = new int[] { 0, 2, 2, 6, 5, 4 }; GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; GraphicsDevice device; Effect effect; Vector3 lightDirection = new Vector3(3, -2, 5); Matrix viewMatrix; Matrix projectionMatrix; Texture2D sceneryTexture; Model xwingModel; Model targetModel; Vector3 xwingPosition = new Vector3(8, 1, -3); Quaternion xwingRotation = Quaternion.Identity; int[,] floorPlan; float gameSpeed = 1.0f; VertexBuffer cityVertexBuffer; VertexDeclaration texturedVertexDeclaration; BoundingBox[] buildingBoundingBoxes; BoundingBox completeCityBox; List<BoundingSphere> targetList = new List<BoundingSphere> (); public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; } protected override void Initialize() { graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth = 500; graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight = 500; graphics.IsFullScreen = false; graphics.ApplyChanges(); Window.Title = "Riemer's XNA Tutorials -- Series 2"; LoadFloorPlan(); lightDirection.Normalize(); SetUpBoundingBoxes(); AddTargets(); base.Initialize(); } protected override void LoadContent() { device = graphics.GraphicsDevice; effect = Content.Load<Effect> ("effects"); sceneryTexture = Content.Load<Texture2D> ("texturemap"); xwingModel = LoadModel("xwing"); targetModel = LoadModel("target"); SetUpVertices(); SetUpCamera(); } private Model LoadModel(string assetName) { Model newModel = Content.Load<Model> (assetName); foreach (ModelMesh mesh in newModel.Meshes) foreach (ModelMeshPart meshPart in mesh.MeshParts) meshPart.Effect = effect.Clone(device); return newModel; } private void LoadFloorPlan() { floorPlan = new int[,] { {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1}, {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1}, {1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1}, {1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1}, {1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1}, {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1}, {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1}, {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1}, {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1}, {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1}, {1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1}, {1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1}, {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1}, {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1}, {1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1}, {1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1}, {1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1}, {1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1}, {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1}, {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1}, }; Random random = new Random(); int differentBuildings = buildingHeights.Length - 1; for (int x = 0; x < floorPlan.GetLength(0); x++) for (int y = 0; y < floorPlan.GetLength(1); y++) if (floorPlan[x, y] == 1) floorPlan[x, y] = random.Next(differentBuildings) + 1; } private void SetUpBoundingBoxes() { int cityWidth = floorPlan.GetLength(0); int cityLength = floorPlan.GetLength(1); List<BoundingBox> bbList = new List<BoundingBox> (); for (int x = 0; x < cityWidth; x++) { for (int z = 0; z < cityLength; z++) { int buildingType = floorPlan[x, z]; if (buildingType != 0) { int buildingHeight = buildingHeights[buildingType]; Vector3[] buildingPoints = new Vector3[2]; buildingPoints[0] = new Vector3(x, 0, -z); buildingPoints[1] = new Vector3(x + 1, buildingHeight, -z - 1); BoundingBox buildingBox = BoundingBox.CreateFromPoints(buildingPoints); bbList.Add(buildingBox); } } } buildingBoundingBoxes = bbList.ToArray(); Vector3[] boundaryPoints = new Vector3[2]; boundaryPoints[0] = new Vector3(0, 0, 0); boundaryPoints[1] = new Vector3(cityWidth, 20, -cityLength); completeCityBox = BoundingBox.CreateFromPoints(boundaryPoints); } private void AddTargets() { int cityWidth = floorPlan.GetLength(0); int cityLength = floorPlan.GetLength(1); Random random = new Random(); while (targetList.Count < maxTargets) { int x = random.Next(cityWidth); int z = -random.Next(cityLength); float y = (float)random.Next(2000) / 1000f + 1; float radius = (float)random.Next(1000) / 1000f * 0.2f + 0.01f; BoundingSphere newTarget = new BoundingSphere(new Vector3(x, y, z), radius); if (CheckCollision(newTarget) == CollisionType.None) targetList.Add(newTarget); } } private void SetUpCamera() { viewMatrix = Matrix.CreateLookAt(new Vector3(20, 13, -5), new Vector3(8, 0, -7), new Vector3(0, 1, 0)); projectionMatrix = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(MathHelper.PiOver4, device.Viewport.AspectRatio, 0.2f, 500.0f); } private void SetUpVertices() { int differentBuildings = buildingHeights.Length - 1; float imagesInTexture = 1 + differentBuildings * 2; int cityWidth = floorPlan.GetLength(0); int cityLength = floorPlan.GetLength(1); List<VertexPositionNormalTexture> verticesList = new List<VertexPositionNormalTexture> (); for (int x = 0; x < cityWidth; x++) { for (int z = 0; z < cityLength; z++) { int currentbuilding = floorPlan[x, z]; //floor or ceiling verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z), new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new Vector2(currentbuilding * 2 / imagesInTexture, 1))); verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 0))); verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z), new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 + 1) / imagesInTexture, 1))); verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 0))); verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 + 1) / imagesInTexture, 0))); verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z), new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 + 1) / imagesInTexture, 1))); if (currentbuilding != 0) { //front wall verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, 0, -z - 1), new Vector3(0, 0, -1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 1))); verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(0, 0, -1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 0))); verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, 0, -z - 1), new Vector3(0, 0, -1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 1))); verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(0, 0, -1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 0))); verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, 0, -z - 1), new Vector3(0, 0, -1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 1))); verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(0, 0, -1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 0))); //back wall verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, 0, -z), new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 1))); verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, 0, -z), new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 1))); verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z), new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 0))); verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z), new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 0))); verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z), new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 0))); verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, 0, -z), new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 1))); //left wall verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, 0, -z), new Vector3(-1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 1))); verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, 0, -z - 1), new Vector3(-1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 1))); verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(-1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 0))); verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(-1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 0))); verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z), new Vector3(-1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 0))); verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x, 0, -z), new Vector3(-1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 1))); //right wall verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, 0, -z), new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 1))); verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 0))); verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, 0, -z - 1), new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 1))); verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z - 1), new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2 - 1) / imagesInTexture, 0))); verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, 0, -z), new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 1))); verticesList.Add(new VertexPositionNormalTexture(new Vector3(x + 1, buildingHeights[currentbuilding], -z), new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector2((currentbuilding * 2) / imagesInTexture, 0))); } } } cityVertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(device, verticesList.Count * VertexPositionNormalTexture.SizeInBytes, BufferUsage.WriteOnly); cityVertexBuffer.SetData<VertexPositionNormalTexture> (verticesList.ToArray()); texturedVertexDeclaration = new VertexDeclaration(device, VertexPositionNormalTexture.VertexElements); } protected override void UnloadContent() { } protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { ProcessKeyboard(gameTime); float moveSpeed = gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.Milliseconds / 500.0f * gameSpeed; MoveForward(ref xwingPosition, xwingRotation, moveSpeed); BoundingSphere xwingSpere = new BoundingSphere(xwingPosition, 0.04f); if (CheckCollision(xwingSpere) != CollisionType.None) { xwingPosition = new Vector3(8, 1, -3); xwingRotation = Quaternion.Identity; gameSpeed /= 1.1f; } UpdateCamera(); base.Update(gameTime); } private void UpdateCamera() { Vector3 campos = new Vector3(0, 0.1f, 0.6f); campos = Vector3.Transform(campos, Matrix.CreateFromQuaternion(xwingRotation)); campos += xwingPosition; Vector3 camup = new Vector3(0, 1, 0); camup = Vector3.Transform(camup, Matrix.CreateFromQuaternion(xwingRotation)); viewMatrix = Matrix.CreateLookAt(campos, xwingPosition, camup); projectionMatrix = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(MathHelper.PiOver4, device.Viewport.AspectRatio, 0.2f, 500.0f); } private void ProcessKeyboard(GameTime gameTime) { float leftRightRot = 0; float turningSpeed = (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalMilliseconds / 1000.0f; turningSpeed *= 1.6f * gameSpeed; KeyboardState keys = Keyboard.GetState(); if (keys.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right)) leftRightRot += turningSpeed; if (keys.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) leftRightRot -= turningSpeed; float upDownRot = 0; if (keys.IsKeyDown(Keys.Down)) upDownRot += turningSpeed; if (keys.IsKeyDown(Keys.Up)) upDownRot -= turningSpeed; Quaternion additionalRot = Quaternion.CreateFromAxisAngle(new Vector3(0, 0, -1), leftRightRot) * Quaternion.CreateFromAxisAngle(new Vector3(1, 0, 0), upDownRot); xwingRotation *= additionalRot; } private void MoveForward(ref Vector3 position, Quaternion rotationQuat, float speed) { Vector3 addVector = Vector3.Transform(new Vector3(0, 0, -1), rotationQuat); position += addVector * speed; } private CollisionType CheckCollision(BoundingSphere sphere) { for (int i = 0; i < buildingBoundingBoxes.Length; i++) if (buildingBoundingBoxes[i].Contains(sphere) != ContainmentType.Disjoint) return CollisionType.Building; if (completeCityBox.Contains(sphere) != ContainmentType.Contains) return CollisionType.Boundary; for (int i = 0; i < targetList.Count; i++) { if (targetList[i].Contains(sphere) != ContainmentType.Disjoint) { targetList.RemoveAt(i); i--; AddTargets(); return CollisionType.Target; } } return CollisionType.None; } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { device.Clear(ClearOptions.Target | ClearOptions.DepthBuffer, Color.DarkSlateBlue, 1.0f, 0); DrawCity(); DrawModel(); DrawTargets(); base.Draw(gameTime); } private void DrawCity() { effect.CurrentTechnique = effect.Techniques["Textured"]; effect.Parameters["xWorld"].SetValue(Matrix.Identity); effect.Parameters["xView"].SetValue(viewMatrix); effect.Parameters["xProjection"].SetValue(projectionMatrix); effect.Parameters["xTexture"].SetValue(sceneryTexture); effect.Parameters["xEnableLighting"].SetValue(true); effect.Parameters["xLightDirection"].SetValue(lightDirection); effect.Parameters["xAmbient"].SetValue(0.5f); effect.Begin(); foreach (EffectPass pass in effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes) { pass.Begin(); device.VertexDeclaration = texturedVertexDeclaration; device.Vertices[0].SetSource(cityVertexBuffer, 0, VertexPositionNormalTexture.SizeInBytes); device.DrawPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, cityVertexBuffer.SizeInBytes / VertexPositionNormalTexture.SizeInBytes / 3); pass.End(); } effect.End(); } private void DrawModel() { Matrix worldMatrix = Matrix.CreateScale(0.0005f, 0.0005f, 0.0005f) * Matrix.CreateRotationY(MathHelper.Pi) * Matrix.CreateFromQuaternion(xwingRotation) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(xwingPosition); Matrix[] xwingTransforms = new Matrix[xwingModel.Bones.Count]; xwingModel.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(xwingTransforms); foreach (ModelMesh mesh in xwingModel.Meshes) { foreach (Effect currentEffect in mesh.Effects) { currentEffect.CurrentTechnique = currentEffect.Techniques["Colored"]; currentEffect.Parameters["xWorld"].SetValue(xwingTransforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index] * worldMatrix); currentEffect.Parameters["xView"].SetValue(viewMatrix); currentEffect.Parameters["xProjection"].SetValue(projectionMatrix); currentEffect.Parameters["xEnableLighting"].SetValue(true); currentEffect.Parameters["xLightDirection"].SetValue(lightDirection); currentEffect.Parameters["xAmbient"].SetValue(0.5f); } mesh.Draw(); } } private void DrawTargets() { for (int i = 0; i < targetList.Count; i++) { Matrix worldMatrix = Matrix.CreateScale(targetList[i].Radius) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(targetList[i].Center); Matrix[] targetTransforms = new Matrix[targetModel.Bones.Count]; targetModel.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(targetTransforms); foreach (ModelMesh mesh in targetModel.Meshes) { foreach (Effect currentEffect in mesh.Effects) { currentEffect.CurrentTechnique = currentEffect.Techniques["Colored"]; currentEffect.Parameters["xWorld"].SetValue(targetTransforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index] * worldMatrix); currentEffect.Parameters["xView"].SetValue(viewMatrix); currentEffect.Parameters["xProjection"].SetValue(projectionMatrix); currentEffect.Parameters["xEnableLighting"].SetValue(true); currentEffect.Parameters["xLightDirection"].SetValue(lightDirection); currentEffect.Parameters["xAmbient"].SetValue(0.5f); } mesh.Draw(); } } } } }